Análisis sistemático de la inteligencia interpersonal

Grey Esther Teherán Torres

doi:10.63549/rg.v5i3.721

Grey Esther Teherán Torres Universidad de Córdoba, Colombia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63549/rg.v5i3.721

Palabras clave: Análisis, sistemático, inteligencia, emocional

Resumen

Este estudio presenta un análisis sistemático y metanálisis de la inteligencia interpersonal, un constructo central en la psicología social y del desarrollo. Pese a su relevancia, existe una notable heterogeneidad en su conceptualización y medición, lo que dificulta una comprensión unificada de sus componentes y su impacto en las interacciones humanas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue analizar sistemáticamente la inteligencia interpersonal, evaluar la validez de los instrumentos de medición más comunes y determinar su relación con variables como el éxito social, el bienestar psicológico y el rendimiento académico. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos de PRISMA. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PsycINFO, PubMed y Web of Science, usando una combinación de términos clave como "inteligencia interpersonal," "habilidades sociales," y "empatía". De un total de 1,500 artículos, se seleccionaron 85 estudios empíricos para el análisis. Los resultados principales del metanálisis revelan que la inteligencia interpersonal se asocia significativamente con una mayor satisfacción en las relaciones interpersonales (d = 0.65) y con un menor riesgo de problemas de adaptación social (d = -0.48). Además, se encontró que los instrumentos de autoinforme tienden a sobreestimar los efectos en comparación con las evaluaciones basadas en la observación. En conclusión, la inteligencia interpersonal es un predictor robusto del funcionamiento psicosocial. Se subraya la necesidad de desarrollar instrumentos de medición más rigurosos y de promover la investigación que explore sus bases neuronales y genéticas para una comprensión más profunda.

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