Revisión sistemática de las competencias socioemocionales en el ámbito escolar
Resumen
Esta revisión sistemática analizó las investigaciones publicadas entre 2016 y 2026 sobre competencias socioemocionales en el ámbito escolar, con el propósito de caracterizar sus definiciones, dimensiones, diseños e instrumentos e identificar las condiciones educativas relacionadas con su desarrollo. La búsqueda se realizó en Scopus y se limitó a artículos de Ciencias Sociales publicados en inglés y de acceso abierto. Se consideraron estudios empíricos cuantitativos, cualitativos y mixtos sobre preescolar, primaria y secundaria, así como investigaciones del profesorado vinculadas a estos niveles. La selección se documentó mediante PRISMA 2020 y los hallazgos se organizaron en una síntesis narrativa. De 178 registros iniciales se retuvieron 50 artículos, correspondientes a 47 registros principales y tres publicaciones vinculadas. Los estudios abordaron capacidades como regulación emocional, prosocialidad, habilidades de relación y resolución de conflictos, mediante instrumentos e informantes diversos. El clima cooperativo se asoció favorablemente con habilidades socioemocionales. Las prácticas de aula y las intervenciones escolares mostraron cambios específicos, junto con resultados globales no significativos. Los resultados profesionales de la formación docente se distinguieron de los cambios medidos en el alumnado. La heterogeneidad de las medidas y las limitaciones de los diseños impidieron establecer una superioridad entre propuestas o niveles educativos. Se concluye que la interpretación de la evidencia requiere precisar la capacidad evaluada, la práctica examinada y el alcance del diseño, evitando atribuir causalidad a las asociaciones observadas o generalizar los hallazgos a todas las escuelas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Melisa Isabel Román Gutiérrez Melisa Isabel Román Gutiérrez,Luz Dary Ripoll García Luz Dary Ripoll García,Mónica Patricia García Neiro
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
