Lesiones de rodilla en el entrenamiento de atletas de karate-do: Identificación y Prevención. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Knee injuries are a concern in karate-do training, especially in the combat modality. This research work aims to analyze these injuries by identifying common patterns, risk factors, and effective prevention strategies through a systematic review of studies published in the last five years. Using the PRISMA methodology, an exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as Dialnet, Redalyc, Latindex, and Scielo, with Google Scholar serving as the main information search tool. Gathering a scientific production between 2018 and 2024 (n=21). Results: It was verified that the majority of the scientific output was concentrated between 2019 and 2021, representing 61.89% (n=13). The results showed that the most common injuries include ligament tears, meniscal injuries, and tendinitis, primarily caused by twisting movements and direct impacts. Associated risk factors include inadequate warm-up, improper technique, overtraining, and weakness in the knee stabilizing muscles. Highlighted prevention strategies in the studies include muscle strengthening programs, proprioception exercises, proper training techniques, and the use of protective equipment. The findings emphasize the importance of adequate physical and technical preparation to reduce the risk of injuries, particularly knee injuries. Conclusions: Implementation of specific programs and education on proper techniques are crucial for identification and prevention. The need for collaboration between coaches, physiotherapists, and athletes to develop personalized strategies is emphasized. This review lays the groundwork for future research and practices aimed at injury prevention.