Análisis sistemático del clima escolar en la adolescencia
Resumen
El clima escolar es reconocido como un factor ecológico crucial que impacta el desarrollo psicosocial y académico de los adolescentes. Durante la adolescencia, período caracterizado por cambios significativos a nivel biológico, cognitivo y social. El objetivo principal de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar, sintetizar y mapear la evidencia empírica reciente y relevante sobre el constructo del clima escolar en la adolescencia. La búsqueda se ejecutó en bases de datos multidisciplinarias y especializadas utilizando términos clave como "clima escolar", "adolescencia", "bienestar", "relaciones estudiante-maestro" e "intervenciones". Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión estrictos, seleccionando artículos de investigación empírica y revisiones publicadas en revistas revisadas por pares entre 2010 y 2024. Los datos fueron extraídos y analizados cualitativamente, enfocándose en los hallazgos relacionados con la estructura del constructo, el contexto de aplicación y la metodología. La revisión identificó una convergencia conceptual que define el clima escolar como un constructo multidimensional, siendo las relaciones interpersonales (especialmente el apoyo docente y entre pares) el componente más influyente. Se encontró una fuerte evidencia de que un clima escolar positivo actúa como factor protector, mitigando los efectos de la pobreza.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Josué Rafael Suárez Leonelles,Oscar Eduardo Hernández Ortega,Katherine Paola Tuirán Paternina,Kilian Chaterley Londoño Mejía,Ledys Del Carmen Berrio Fuentes,Nelvis Nohemy Ochoa Lozano
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