Impact of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults
Keywords:
Impact; physical activity; type 2 diabetes mellitus; prevention; treatment.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance and/or deficient insulin secretion. The present systematic review aims to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the impact of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus in adults. An exhaustive search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for randomized controlled studies and clinical trials published in the last ten years, in which the effect of physical activity on glycemic regulation and insulin sensitivity is analyzed. Of the 100 studies identified, 63 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that regular physical activity significantly improves insulin sensitivity and reduces blood glucose levels. When physical exercise is combined with dietary modifications, it contributes to the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body weight loss. Supervised programs were more effective than unsupervised ones. In conclusion, physical activity is a key component in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its inclusion in public health strategies is essential to improve glycemic control and reduce complications.
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References
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Hämel, K., Röhnsch, G., Heumann, M., Backes, D.S., Toso, B.R.G.D.O., & Giovanella, L. (2022). How do nurses support chronically ill clients’ participation and self-management in primary care? A cross-country qualitative study. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01787-1
Henquin, J.C. (2021). Non-glucose modulators of insulin secretion in healthy humans: (dis)similarities between islet and in vivo studies. Metabolism, 122, 154821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154821
Henquin, J.C. (2021). Paracrine and autocrine control of insulin secretion in human islets: Evidence and pending questions. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 320(1), E78–E86. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00485.2020
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Iaccarino, G., Franco, D., Sorriento, D., Strisciuglio, T., Barbato, E; & Morisco, C. (2021). Modulation of insulin sensitivity by exercise training: Implications for cardiovascular prevention. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 14(2), 256–270.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-020-10057-w
Inzucchi, S., & Lupsa, B. (2020). Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and initial evaluation of diabetes mellitus in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-presentation-diagnosis-and-initial-evaluation-of-diabetes-mellitus-in-adults
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Kanaley, J.A., Colberg, S. R., Corcoran, M.H., Malin, S. K., Rodriguez, N. R., Crespo, C. J; et al. (2022). Exercise/Physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 54(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002800
Karstoft, K., & Pedersen, B.K. (2016). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: Focus on metabolism and inflammation. Immunology and Cell Biology, 94(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2015.101
Kirwan, J.P., Sacks, J., & Nieuwoudt, S. (2017). The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(7 Suppl 1), S15.
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Published
2025-01-22
How to Cite
Pérez Rodríguez, M., Pérez Urquiza, R., Aguilera Cruz, A. B., & Contreras Velázquez, L. M. (2025). Impact of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. GADE: Scientific Journal, 4(7), 256-281. Retrieved from https://revista.redgade.com/index.php/Gade/article/view/574
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mireya Pérez Rodríguez,Raymundo Pérez Urquiza,Annety Beatriz Aguilera Cruz,Luz María Contreras Velázquez
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